Dye-sensitized Solar Cell Progress

Recently, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Swiss scientists in cooperation with researchers and Wang Peng, the dye-sensitized solar cell research has made important progress, relevant results in the June 29 online issue of the internationally renowned scientific journal “Nature - Materials” (Nature Materials) on.

Current dye-sensitized solar cells under test conditions in the air mass 1.5G power conversion efficiency has reached 11.1%, but this device is to use high-volatile, highly toxic cyanide electrolyte, greatly hindered the process actually used. Non-volatile at room temperature ionic liquids as to solve the problem program provides an important, but high viscosity ionic liquid, the Huodeqijian’s not efficient enough.

Peng and his collaborators through a variety of solid salt mixture to achieve the system by solid-liquid phase transition entropy to gain room temperature ionic liquids (China Patent Application No.: 200710306662.1). This greatly broadens the concept of a total of molten ionic liquid material selection. More importantly, based on these solid-state ionic materials with high lattice energy of molten liquid at room temperature ionic liquids than conventional lower viscosity and higher conductivity. To room temperature ionic liquids were prepared by melting the solar cell power conversion efficiency of 8.2%, setting a solvent-free dye-sensitized solar cells a world record in the device accelerated aging test conditions, exhibited excellent stability. They also adopted the system of ion mobility and viscosity of association, amendments to the classical Stokes - Einstein equation, to clarify the three iodine ions in the ionic liquid in addition to traditional physical diffusion transport, there are physical diffusion coupling electronic exchange mechanism. Also the first time they observed in the mesoporous conductor of electron transport by the relaxation of cations. This research will greatly promote the flexible dye-sensitized solar cell commercialization for portable electronic devices (such as mobile phones, music players, digital cameras, laptops, etc.) to provide new energy. Expert review of this work was praised as “a breakthrough work.”

The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation, Chinese Academy of Sciences “Hundred Talents” and the major national research schemes.

Via: Dye-sensitized Solar Cell Progress

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Plug-in hybrid battery

U.S. Department of Energy plan to subsidize the development of plug-in hybrid battery

U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) in Electric Vehicle Conference "EVS24" (2009, 13 May to 16 May, Norway StavangarForum Convention and Exhibition Centre), said that the United States will strongly support the plug-in hybrids (PHEV) development. The Department will be May 18, 2009 proposed $ 2,000,000,000 investment in battery technology for the development of the program. "Battery technology will support the United States and all the related supply chain, to promote the development of PHEV" (U.S. Department of Energy project hybrid vehicle technology systems group leader DavidHowell). Specific assistance includes, battery cell and module production, the production of battery materials, batteries and electric vehicles, recycling drives and other equipment investment.

U.S. Department of Energy proposed a universal target performance PHEV batteries required. For example, the planned 2014 3.4kWh battery capacity from the current increased to 11.6kWh. The reason is, if the increase to the capacity of the electric driving range of up to 40 miles (about 64km). Battery cost is currently $ 1,000 / kWh, half in 2012 to $ 500 / kWh, 2014 to fall to $ 300 / kWh. Battery life for 2014 from the current 3-year extension to 10 years.

In addition to battery technology outside, DavidHowell also cited development of PHEV technology required for the other four, said it would finance the development of these technologies. 4 technology are 1) converters, inverters and power electronics technology; (2) motor technology; (3) PHEV drive technology; (4) drive system thermal management technology.

In addition, plans additional funds for PHEV Demonstration Project. Currently, $ 60,000,000 has been funded for the U.S. General Motors (GeneralMotors), Ford (FordMotor) and Chrysler (ChryslerLLC) of the PHEV Demonstration Project, the Jiangzai an additional 4 billion dollars.

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London Metal and Lead Price

London Metal across the board again plunged deep frustration Lun Jin Yicheng Ni

January 9 hearing caused by the short-term indices rose too fast too large, the speed of the London metals futures at low tide is also unambiguous. Copper & diving on Wednesday, led by the London metals futures deep frustration across the board, Donald Nickel is close to collapse into.
Copper & closing fell 4.3%, below $ 3,200, and just the day before, the session also briefly above $ 3,500 mark. Lun-Ni stainless steel manufacturer is subject to the impact of weak demand, inventories have continued to increase, fell to around $ 11,000. Other varieties are also recorded more than 2% decline.
The continued surge in copper inventories, has now reached 357,700 tons. LME aluminum inventories increasingly rapid growth momentum, increasing one-day Thursday 23800-2390000 t the top, continue to refresh the 14-year high.
Analysts said that after short-term speculation factors, the market focus back to fundamentals up, but this is no good news, so metal prices fall is a certainty.
LME nickel fell to an intraday low of $ 11,100, to close at $ 11,545, on Wednesday to close at $ 12,300. And its gain this year was more than 16%.
Three-month copper fell 4.3%, to close at $ 3,195, on Wednesday to close at $ 3,340.
Aluminium fell to $ 1,555 for three months on Wednesday to close at $ 1,594.
Three-month closing high of lead as the only basic metals, rose to $ 1,150 from the 1139/1140 U.S. dollars.
Three-month tin dropped to $ 11,400 from the $ 11,625.
Zinc was down $ 45, at $ 1,235.

Lead prices rose, as European drivers to choose a new battery

London, Jan. 8, according to news, cold winter and the recession has forced more and more European motorists who choose to replace the new battery, which lead to weak prices a boost.
Share of global vehicle battery over 40% of lead demand, analysts said the increased use of batteries has helped boost the 60% decline in 2008, lead prices.
According to auto repair station said the surge in demand for batteries.
RAC British car repair company, said its data show that in January this year, go out the battery-related repair services increased by 5% over last year.
RAC manager John Clayton said: "We are now in red alert, everyone could work out maintenance of vehicles."
"Of course most of the battery-related."
Car batteries in the cold of winter use significantly increased.
Battery life of a vehicle in about five to eight years, the average content of 5-25 kg of lead batteries.
UK vehicle recovery and maintenance services company Green Flag, a rescue station operator Richard Colburn said: "We are really very busy at the moment, more than 400 every day this week for help."
"Most of them are caused by extreme cold weather, battery-related failures, the temperature in parts of -9 degrees. We are in December and January a lot of battery replacement."
Lead prices bounce
Lead the market in recent months has been the auto industry to suppress negative data.
This has lead prices from October 2007 reached a record high of USD 3,890 per tonne, plunged about 70%.
But since the New Year began, lead prices have surged 15%.
Barclays Capital analyst Gayle Berry said: "Over the past week or two weeks, China's car Zheyi in replacing the car battery before the holiday season."
"We see the lead prices by supporting ...... Unlike many other metals, lead prices we have seen gains are supported by improved fundamentals."
Kwik Fit auto parts retailers in Europe, a spokesman said, although the upward trend in car sales conclude too early, but the situation is improving.
"A key driver of battery sales are seasonal fluctuations. For example, the battery last week, a substantial increase in sales over last year due to cold."

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Solar panel manufacturers are facing new pressure

Allow some of the manufacturers of solar panels headache for the long-term shortage of silicon raw materials, has gradually begun to relieve; However, market analysts pointed out that the supply of silicon raw materials, the increase will be for the emerging thin film solar panel manufacturers to bring new pressures.

"Since 2010, the supply of silicon raw materials will have improved dramatically." NavigantConsulting analyst PaulaMints in a solar energy seminar held by the IEEE, said: "But this will be a variety of technologies to bring down the average selling price pressure, especially in the field of thin film solar panels. "

Good times and bad silicon raw material shortage, has given way to the chip makers and solar panel makers troubled years; recent shortage began in 2004, the victims are mainly manufacturers of crystalline silicon solar panels. Mints said. Solar panel sales growing rapidly over the past few years, but the shortage of raw materials for silicon solar panels use crystalline technology manufacturers can not supply required by the market; so between 2004 and 2007, silicon solar panels market share from 93 % down to 89% or so.

The Mints also predicts that the solar industry in 2008 will exceed the semiconductor industry has become the largest silicon raw material applications. The shortage of silicon raw materials using a variety of thin film technology for solar panels manufacturers benefit, because the amount of silicon manufacturing technology required is very small. Such as the U.S. industry FirstSolar just because its cadmium telluride (cadmiumtelluride) technology, jumped in 2007, the world's fifth largest manufacturer of solar panels.

But times change, Mints expected shortage of silicon raw materials began to get relief from this year, or even surplus supply in 2010; this trend will most of the crystalline silicon solar panels will benefit manufacturers. The crystalline silicon solar panels on to suppliers to "moderation", as is currently ranked tenth largest supplier of U.S. solar panel industry SunPower, will each amount of silicon solar cells by about 12 grams Kandao 6 grams.

However, thin film solar panel maker SignetSolar or optimistic about their technology, predicted that the company made in 2020 the overall sales of solar panels 40% of the share. The supply of the company's manufacturing equipment, Applied Materials (AppliedMaterials) is that both silicon and thin film technology will rival in the solar market.

Thin film technology in recent years received a lot of financial support, cropped up dozens of new companies; According to statistics, the U.S. industry and venture capital industry, investment in 2007, the total amount of film technology, 3.5 billion U.S. dollars. U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory) of the optical center director LawrenceKazmerski said the amount is invested in U.S. government twice the amount of the overall optical field, and he was quite worried about such a huge amount, because not all of these companies can survival.

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Lithium Battery and Hybrid cars

The New York Mercantile Exchange, August crude oil futures prices for delivery in July 3 145 U.S. dollars a barrel, the highest recorded. In this week, OPEC weekly average oil prices to new highs. In fact, for some time, high oil prices and the resulting series of political and economic and social issues deeply hurt the car manufacturer. In the United States, the three auto makers have cut production of large pickup trucks, SUV, increase energy-saving small cars or crossovers. However, changing the structure of existing products, while car manufacturers have already "obvious": before you have to master the technology of alternative energy vehicles.

"Battery is the core issue." General Motors R & D lab materials laboratory director Mark? Sheet Mubarak said. Have been successful experiences with a certain market hybrid car, the battery technology in deciding the fate of the car key. It is understood that currently includes the Toyota Prius (configuration parameters Gallery) models, including hybrid vehicles use nickel-metal hydride batteries. And the battery technology itself has limitations. Remove the price factors, on the one hand, the decision by the material limits the size of storage capacity, lack of capacity Ni-MH battery life, on the other hand, it can not be extrapolated charging.

Li-ion battery is a high voltage, charge and discharge, long life, fast charging, self-discharge rate, wide operating temperature range, etc., have become the most cars and parts enterprises and the main direction of choice. Data show that, compared to nickel-metal hydride batteries, hybrid electric vehicles using lithium batteries can make the weight decreased by 40% to 50% and the volume reduced by 20% to 30%, energy efficiency has improved to some extent. Optimistic forecast said that in the near future, the vehicle will decrease the cost of lithium batteries to nickel-metal hydride battery 2 / 3.

Chinese stainless steel market on October 9 Nickel-based product pricing plunge

Chinese stainless steel market on October 9 run remains in the doldrums, the market traded good, pessimistic atmosphere filled the air, nickel stainless steel products fell sharply quotes, 200 series, 400 series also showed downward trend.

London Metal Exchange LME nickel 9 October opened at 13,800 U.S. dollars / ton, closing at 13,200 U.S. dollars / ton, 228 tons less inventory, total inventory is 55,032 tons. Shanghai No. 1 electrolytic nickel market on October 9 prices continue to decline, in the 113,000 to 117,000 yuan / ton, the average price of 115,000 yuan / ton, down 7,750 yuan / ton; 1 reported that 115,000 to 117,000 Jinchuan Nickel yuan / ton, the average price of 116,000 yuan / ton, down 7,750 yuan / ton. October 9 nickel price continued to fall, and the amplitude is relatively large, the spread of market pessimism, the overall trend showed sluggish operation. Futures market and the whole face of the recent financial market prices, the central bank, exchange, etc. have "Sword", or cut, or forced to lighten up, or raising margin and so on, in order to stabilize markets and resolve risks. Can be stabilized to some extent market interest rates, commodity prices have weakened in the short term decline in the likelihood. However, if there is no follow-up to the introduction of the economic rescue plan, I do not rule out possible further decline in commodity markets.

Chinese stainless steel market on October 9 extending over the last few trading days of the downward trend, and the decrease in the expansion. Market pessimism filled the air, although the decline in nickel prices has narrowed the previous session, but the 9th London nickel and both the domestic spot price of nickel fell sharply, the stainless steel market under great pressure, especially nickel stainless steel, the more resources, demand poor circumstances, the offer is substantially reduced, Wuxi, Foshan, 300 series stainless steel offer the market fell sharply, part of the specification much more than the previous trading day decline, 304,309 S, 310S spared, sales of 304 products fell 1,000 to 1,700 yuan / ton. A huge sell-off spot market, traders generally expect to sell low-cost, mitigate the latter may again bring down the economic losses. Wuxi Steel 4 mm 304/NO.1 mainstream market transaction prices in the 21,500 yuan / ton, down 1,000 yuan / ton; Foshan 304/2B TISCO 2 mm market transaction price in the mainstream of 22,900 yuan / ton, down 1,000 yuan / ton. 200 lines, the product pricing in the falling nickel, stainless steel pressure to crack down on market downturn, the traders are not optimistic about the market, Foshan market transaction price of 200, Department of confusion again, some traders offer lower. Department of respect across the board 400 is lowered turnover remains at low, decline more obvious, but the rate of decline is not too much. Wuxi market down 430 base price of cold roll, big offer concentrated in the 11,400 yuan / ton, medium and small household purchase is concentrated in the 11,200 yuan / ton to 11,400 yuan / ton, Foshan market, the overall trend of 400 lines down across the board decline in the basic 100 yuan / ton. 11,200 compared to pre-yuan / ton to 11,600 yuan / ton, taking into account the sharp decline in nickel-based stainless steel, or will make further converting 400 series, 400 series outlook is worrisome.

200 line, the Wuxi market mainstream Lianzhong 201/2B plate bending 1.0 mm quoted 14,100 yuan / ton, down 100 yuan / ton, Wuxi market OurGame 201/NO.1 4 mm offer for mainstream flat-panel 14,200 yuan / ton, down 100 yuan / t; Foshan market Lianzhong 201/2B plate bending 1.0 mm quoted 15,600 yuan / ton, Foshan market Lianzhong 201/NO.1 4 ~ 5 mm coil 1.0 mm quoted at 13,600 yuan / ton, down 200 yuan / ton. 300 line, the Wuxi Zhang Pu production 304/2B plate 2.0 mm reported 21,000 yuan / ton, down 800 yuan / ton, Po new capacity 2.0 mm reported 21,000 yuan / ton, down 800 yuan / ton, TISCO 304/NO.1 Flat 5 mm reported 20,600 yuan / ton, down 700 yuan / ton, Zhang Pu reported 20,500 yuan / ton, down 700 yuan / ton, Foshan 304/2B TISCO coil 2.0 mm reported 22,900 yuan / ton, down 1,000 yuan / ton Zhang Pu reported 23,200 yuan / ton, down 1,000 yuan / ton, Jiuquan 304/NO.1 Coil 4 mm reported 22,500 yuan / ton, down 300 yuan / ton, Bao Steel Coil 4 mm reported 304/NO.1 22,800 yuan / ton, down 300 yuan / ton. 400 line, the Wuxi 430/2B TISCO 2.0 mm coil mainstream quoted 11,400 yuan / ton, Po is the new 2.0 mm major purchase 11,400 yuan / ton, down 100 yuan / ton, 430/No.1 Taiyuan Iron and Steel plate 4 mm Mainstream offer for 10,300 yuan / ton, down 200 yuan / ton; Foshan 430/2B TISCO 2.0 mm coil mainstream offer 11,500 yuan / ton; Foshan 430/2B coil 2.0 mm Zhang Pu mainstream offer 11,600 yuan / ton, down 100 yuan / ton.

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